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COPYRIGHT REMINDER
Stanford Copyright
Reminder 2009-10
Linking
content to a course web-page, writing a blog about life at Stanford,
creating a multi- media presentation for a conference, and even
listening to music with friends are just a few examples of everyday
activities that have copyright implications. Since copyright is
so ingrained in daily campus life, it is important for everyone
in the Stanford community to have a working understanding of copyright
law. This document explains the fundamental elements of copyright
law and is intended to update and remind the University community
about the impact of copyright law at Stanford.
Members
of the Stanford community who do not find answers to their questions
in this Reminder should feel free to contact Lauren Schoenthaler
at lks@stanford.edu in the
Office of the General Counsel for assistance.
This Reminder covers:
COPYRIGHT
ISSUES 2009-10
Digital Access to Course Materials. The intersection of digital media and the doctrine of copyright law is fraught with tension, making it easy to violate copyright law without intending to, and campuses are often the subject of special scrutiny. Academic publishers remain concerned about the digitization and use of academic works in electronic coursepacks. In April 2008, three academic publishers filed a lawsuit against Georgia State alleging that the university is not properly licensing course readings. Stanford University encourages faculty and staff to employ Stanford’s CourseWork software, which allows the posting of materials only after a review of copyright status is undertaken. CourseWork also helps faculty and staff take advantage of content that is legally available through Stanford or through the Internet at large. Stanford University Libraries have secured licenses to tens of thousands of online works (visit http://library.stanford.edu/sulapp/databases/index.jsp for a list of contracted databases), and many other works are available electronically to the public through licenses.
File-sharing
Legislation: Higher Education Opportunities Act. A
concern that colleges and universities do not sufficiently control
campus-based unlawful file-sharing of entertainment content --
such as music, movies, games, books and software -- resulted
in Congressional action in 2008 through the the Higher Education Opportunity
Act, a wide-sweeping legislation covering many aspects of University
practices. The
Act includes three obligations relating to file-sharing. First,
institutions must inform students on an annual basis about copyright
law generally including that the unlawful distribution of copyrighted
materials may subject them to civil and criminal penalties, in
addition to informing students what action the University itself
may take under its own policies. (This Copyright Reminder serves
as the disclosure on copyright law, and students are especially
directed to review the Digital Millennium Copyright Act & Peer-to-Peer
File-Sharing section.) Second,
the Act requires each college to have a written plan in place
to “effectively
combat” unlawful file-sharing both through the use of technological
measures, such as bandwidth shaping and “to the extent practicable” through
the provision of alternatives to illegal file-sharing. The file-sharing
provisions of the Act are subject to regulation by the Department
of Education.
Free
Entertainment on the Internet! There are multiple
options for college students to access music, TV and movies without
violating the law. The MPAA has an entire page listing many legal
resources to access television and movies from your computer. See http://www.mpaa.org/piracy_LegalOpt.asp In
particular, we recommend:
TV & Movies: Hulu, http://www.hulu.com/ provides
access to recent TV shows and movies to everyone on a model supported
by limited advertising.
Music: Pandora Free Internet Radio, http://www.pandora.com/#/ provides
targeted music selections based on artist or song preferences of
the individual listener.
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THE
DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT, HIGHER EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES
ACT & PEER-TO-PEER
FILE-SHARING
In General. The DMCA provides limited protection for
Internet Service Providers (ISP), such as Stanford, from the infringing acts
of their users. To obtain safe harbor, Stanford must comply with the
DMCA. The DMCA also prohibits gaining unauthorized access to a work by
circumventing a technological protection measure put in place by the copyright
owner to control access to the work. Such circumvention is normally prohibited
even if the use of the work would otherwise be a fair use. The DMCA also
prohibits trafficking in technology or devices that are primarily designed
to circumvent such a technological protection. Additionally, under both
the DMCA and the HEOA, Stanford must respond to copyright infringement complaints
made against users.
File-Sharing and copyright law. The
use of file-sharing networks to download and share copyrighted
works without permission from the copyright owner -- like software,
music, movies, TV shows, games and images -- violates copyright
laws. Specifically, unauthorized
distribution of copyrighted material, including unauthorized
peer-to-peer file sharing, may subject you to civil and criminal
liabilities in addition to university sanctions. Both the person who makes a
copy of a copyrighted work available for unlawful download
and the person who receives or downloads an illegal copy have
violated copyright laws and Stanford policies. To be
clear, even if you lawfully purchased a song, it is illegal
to allow others to make and keep a copy of that song. Under
the DMCA, a copyright owner or an authorized agent may lawfully
scan Internet traffic and send a complaint to Stanford as the
ISP. If the copyright owner chooses to follow-up with
civil litigation, it may file a “John Doe” lawsuit
against the IP address, and Stanford would have to provide
the identity of the Stanford network user in response to a
valid subpoena. Copyright damages are usually statutory – that
is determined not by actual damages but by statute. The
minimum damages amount is $750 per copyright violation (e.g.,
file sharing one song or one movie) and willful violations
can result in penalties of up to $150,000 per violation. File-sharing
can also result in criminal prosecutions and sentences of up
to 5 years in prison and fines of up to $250,000.
File-Sharing at Stanford. Administrative
Guide Memo 62 (http://adminguide.stanford.edu/62.pdf),
prohibits the copying or distributing of copyrighted materials
without permission. Stanford follows up and responds to every
copyright complaint.
Stanford's Copyright Complaint Policy for Students: Upon
receipt of a first copyright complaint, the Information Security
Office will notify the student. The student has to respond
to the complaint within a short timeframe provided in the notification,
usually 2 days. In addition to responding to the complaint,
the student must take and pass a short quiz on copyright law
and file-sharing. If the student does not respond within
that timeframe, the Internet connection will be terminated
and the student may be charged a $100 fee to be reconnected
to the Internet. Upon receipt of a second DMCA Complaint,
a student’s Internet connection may be terminated immediately. A
student may be charged $500 to be reconnected to the Internet. The
student’s Residence Dean (undergrad) or Department Chair
(graduate student) will be notified about the incident. On
a third DMCA complaint, a student’s Internet connection
will be immediately disconnected. The matter will be
referred to Judicial Affairs, and the student may be charged
up to $1000 to obtain new Internet privileges.
Stanford's Copyright Complaint Policy for Faculty
and Staff: When staff receive a first or second
DMCA complaint, the matter is referred to a supervisor and
to HR and discipline up to and including termination may
be imposed. If a faculty member at Stanford receives
more than one DMCA complaint, the matter is referred to a
Department Chair. Stanford will likely terminate Stanford
supported home DSL connections on receipt of a second DMCA
complaint. Upon receipt of a very rare third DMCA complaint,
administratively, Stanford terminates Internet connectivity,
including disabling the SUNet ID, and the matter is referred
on for discipline: Faculty are referred to the Provost;
and staff are referred to HR and can expect to be terminated.
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BASIC COPYRIGHT PRINCIPLES
The Law. Copyright laws protect original
works of authorship. The Copyright Act gives the owner
of a copyright the (nearly) exclusive rights to make copies,
distribute the work, display or perform the work publicly,
and create derivative works. These exclusive rights are
subject to only limited exceptions. In academia, the
five major exceptions to the copyright owner’s exclusive
rights are: fair use, the face-to-face teaching exception,
the distance-learning exception, the first-sale doctrine, and
the library and archives exception. These five exceptions
are described below. Note that there
is no over-arching copyright exception for academic uses; academic journals and
text publishers expect royalties for use of their content.
If No Exception, Seek Permission. Unless an exception to the copyright owner’s exclusive rights applies, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner to copy, distribute, display or perform a copyrighted work in any medium for any purpose.
Scope of Copyright. Copyright interests
attach to nearly all forms of captured content, including traditional
works like books, photographs, architectural drawings, music,
drama and sculpture. The laws also adapt to changes in
technologies, and include in their scope modern forms of works
like movies, electronic media, web pages, software, multimedia
works and some databases.
No Mark or Registration Necessary. A copyright interest
attaches to an original work that is “fixed in any tangible
medium of expression” (i.e., a medium that is captured
in an accessible form of content) at the work’s creation. Registration
is not required to obtain a copyright, though registration may
be required to enforce a copyright in federal courts. Works
published after 1989 also do not need to have a copyright notice
to enjoy copyright protection. So if in doubt, assume copyright
applies.
Penalties. The penalties for copyright infringement
can be harsh. Under the Copyright laws, a court may award
up to $150,000 in civil statutory damages for each separate willful infringement;
copyright infringement can also be a crime under federal law. Under
Stanford policies, violation of copyright law may result in
administrative action, such as loss of networking privileges
and SUNet ID, or disciplinary action up to and including termination
for faculty and staff and expulsion for students.
Public Domain Works. Not all works enjoy
copyright protection, and all works eventually fall into the
public domain. Certain classes of works, such as United
States (but not state or local) government works and databases
of facts, do not receive copyright protection. They are
in the public domain and may be freely used. Once the
copyright in a work expires, that work also falls into the
public domain. Any work published in the United States
before 1923 is in the public domain. Works published
from 1923 through 1963 are protected for 95 years from the
publication date, if the copyright owner renewed the work,
or if the work remained protected by copyright under another
country’s laws. Many works published from 1923
through 1963 did fall into the public domain. In 2007,
Stanford University Libraries launched the Copyright Renewal
Database, http://collections.stanford.edu/copyrightrenewals,
which searches renewal records of books published between 1923
through 1963 (although unfortunately the database does not
capture information about the possibility of foreign copyright
protection). Works published from 1963 through 1978 are
protected for 95 years from publication date. Since 1978,
works generally have copyright protection for the life of the
author plus 70 years. (For more information about when
works fall into the public domain, please review the excellent
chart created by Lolly Gassaway of the University of North
Carolina, http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/public-d.htm). Stanford
encourages the use of Public Domain materials, which are widely
available on the Internet.
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THE FAIR USE DOCTRINE
Fair Use Defined. The Fair Use Doctrine provides for limited use of copyrighted materials for educational and research purposes without permission from the owners. It is not a blanket exemption. Instead, each proposed use must be analyzed under a four-part test.
Fair Use Applied.The four-part test to determine
fair use is necessarily vague and fact-dependent. In
some instances, two reasonable people could apply the four
factors to the same facts and reach opposite conclusions. If
the weighing and balancing analysis below does not provide
an answer, please refer to the Copyright and Fair Use Resources
section below.
Fair Use Four Factor Test.
1. What is the character of the use? Educational,
nonprofit and personal use is favored for fair use, while commercial
use is disfavored. However,
the fact that a use is educational or nonprofit in nature
does not in and of itself mean the use is necessarily fair. More
important than the educational or nonprofit nature of the
use is whether the use is “transformative” in
nature. A use is transformative if it builds upon,
criticizes, comments on, parodies or otherwise adds something
new to the original work. Put another way, the question
is whether the new use, in the words of the Supreme Court,
merely “supersedes the objects of the original creation,
or instead adds something new, with a further purpose or
different character”. Campbell v. Acuff Rose
Music, 510 U.S. 569 (1994) (internal citations omitted).
2. What is the nature of the work to be used? Use of a work that is factual in nature weighs toward a finding of fair use. Use of imaginative works is more likely to require permission.
3. What is the amount and substantiality of the portion to be used? Using only a small portion of a copyrighted material tips towards fair use, while using large portions indicates a need for permission. Be careful with this factor, however; a court has held that copying only 5% of a book was not fair use.
4. Will the use negatively affect the value of the copyrighted material? Where a work is available for purchase or license at a reasonable cost, copying all or a significant portion of the work (in lieu of purchasing or licensing a sufficient number of “authorized” copies) would likely be unfair. If only a small portion of a work is to be copied, and one would likely forego using the portion if permission were required, then the balance tips towards fair use.
Good Faith Fair Use Defense. Even if a copyright infringement occurs, a court may refuse to award damages if the infringer reasonably believed that the use was fair.
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THE FIRST-SALE DOCTRINE
Copyright law provides that the owner of lawfully obtained
copyrighted content may dispose of that copy (lend, rent, sell,
give-away, or throw away) without permission of the copyright
owner. Under the first-sale doctrine, a faculty member
could lend out his copy of a book or a DVD to students in his
class. This exception does not apply to recorded music,
and many software licenses prohibit the use of the first-sale
doctrine. Additionally, note that posting digital content
on the web does not fall within the first-sale doctrine as
display is one of the exclusive rights of a copyright holder. (Providing
a link to the copyright owner’s website is lawful and
recommended.)
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FACE-TO-FACE TEACHING ACTIVITIES
Performance or Display of Copyrighted Materials During
Face-to-Face Teaching. The Copyright Act provides
an exemption to perform or display copyrighted materials
during face-to-face teaching activities. Such use does
not require the author’s permission. For example,
it is permissible to show a full-length motion picture in
class as part of the classroom learning. Note, however,
that this exemption does not permit copying or distributing
a work -- only displaying or performing it during class time.
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DISTANCE EDUCATION
Distance Learning and the TEACH Act. The
Teach Act extends in a limited way the Face-to-Face Teaching
exemption to distance learning activities. Provided the
requirements of the Act are followed, transmissions of performances
of entire non-dramatic works and reasonable and limited
portions of any other performance or audiovisual work may
be made without obtaining permission from the copyright owner. To
take advantage of the Act, the following strict requirements
must be observed:
The performance or display must be:
- A regular part of mediated instructional activity;
- Made by, at the direction of, or under the supervision
of the instructor; and
- Directly related and of material assistance to the content
of the course.
Further, the following technological restraints must be in effect:
- The content must be accessible only to those students who
are enrolled in the course;
- The content must be accessible only for the duration of a
class session;
- To the extent technologically possible, the content must be
protected from further distribution (“downstream-controlled”);
and
- To the extent technologically possible, the content must not
be subject to retention by students.
All material displayed under the TEACH Act must contain the following notice:
The materials on this course website are only for the use of
students enrolled in this course for purposes associated with
this course and may not be retained or further disseminated. The
materials on this course website may be protected by copyright;
any further use of this material may be in violation of federal
copyright law.
You may digitize works for display from an analog format provided that:
- No existing licensed digital copy is available for use at
the University; and
- Only the portion needed for transmission is digitized (i.e.,
only a reasonably limited portion).
Note: The TEACH Act does NOT permit:
- Uploading material such as textbooks, coursepacks or other
resources typically purchased by students to review outside
of the classroom. (The TEACH Act only applies to works
that an instructor would show or play during class. Any
uploading of material for (non-classroom) study purposes must
comply with the copyright laws, including fair use principles);
- Uploading materials specifically marketed as distance education
courses; and
- Uploading material that was obtained illegally.
Georgia Harper, an attorney with the University of Texas’ library
system has developed an excellent checklist to determine if “you
are ready to use the TEACH Act.” http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/teachact.htm;
see also North Carolina State University’s Teach Act
Toolkit, available at http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scc/legislative/teachkit/overivew.html. Stanford’s
designated TEACH Act agent is Lauren Schoenthaler, Senior University
Counsel, at lks@standford.edu or 723-9611.
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THE INTERNET AND COPYRIGHT
In General. Digitally created works and analog works transformed into a digital format and placed on the Internet are protected by copyright laws.
Exercise Caution When Downloading. Be
mindful of copyright/fair use principles when downloading
material from the Internet. Just because a work is
posted on the Internet does not mean that the owner of the
copyright in it has given you permission to make copies or
distribute the work to others. Note too that material
may have been placed on the Internet without the author’s
permission
Exercise Caution When Uploading. Be especially
careful of copyright/fair use principles when uploading material
to the Internet. It might be perfectly acceptable under
the fair use doctrine to include several graphs from various
articles to be included in a paper written for class; it is
probably not a fair use however, to publish those graphs to
the world through a posting of the same paper on the Internet.
The Fair Use Doctrine. When dealing with
an electronic use of a work, in addition to the traditional
four fair use factors, you should consider the following additional
concern:
Is access to the material limited or
protected? It
is a violation of law to circumvent an access control mechanism
and use copyrighted material -- even if the use would otherwise
be fair -- except in very limited circumstances. For
providing access to digital works that you have lawfully obtained,
limiting access to a small audience by using passwords or other
access control devices weighs toward a finding of fair use.
Protect the Copyright. Electronic distribution
of a copyrighted work should state: This
work is protected by copyright laws and is provided for educational
instruction only. Any infringing use may be subject to
disciplinary action and/or civil or criminal liability as provided
by law.
Link to it! It is generally acceptable to
point others to material posted on the Internet by providing
a link to the website. The link itself is not a copy
of the content -- it is merely a direction to content. Because
the link-provider is not making any copies, linking is generally
outside the boundaries of copyright law. The exception
is that it could be contributory infringement to provide a
link to a website knowingly hosting copyrighted material unlawfully. So,
link to publishing sources directly, such as journals or newspapers.
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ELECTRONIC COURSEPACKS
Electronic CoursePacks and CourseWork Software.
A central website portal for access to class information and
reading lists is becoming an essential part of course management. Faculty
and students may post or link to copyrighted materials on password
protected course sites only in compliance with copyright principles. Prior
to digitizing copyrighted materials, faculty should review
SUL’s electronic holdings to determine if a pre-existing
license for the content already exists. Stanford University
Libraries have secured licenses to tens of thousands of online
works, and many other works are available electronically to
the public through licenses, such as Creative
Commons licenses. Additionally,
there are many excellent digitization projects that are making
public domain content available online, such as Project Gutenberg,
The Internet Public Library and the full-view search of Google
Book Search. Similarly, instead of creating a digital
copy of a work, if possible, faculty members are encouraged
to provide links to the content-owner’s website, such
as to a news service. If these options are not available,
digitizing content is acceptable in limited circumstances. The
faculty member must consider whether the use is a fair use
-- such as a single, recent news article, or a few images --
or whether permission is necessary from the copyright owner
-- such as a few chapters from a textbook. A sound guideline
is if copyright clearance were necessary to place something
into a coursepack, then copyright clearance is necessary to
place it into a class website. The preferred online course
management system at Stanford is CourseWork, which is located
at http://coursework.stanford.edu/. CourseWork provides
a web-based document bank and password-protected access system
to course participants only.
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PODCASTING
COURSES
Podcasting of Stanford classes introduces a number of issues
to consider before recording. These include intellectual
property and privacy legal issues, student issues, and Stanford
copyright and videotaping policies. Certain classes may
not be appropriate for public consumption. A few examples
include classes that rely on substantial in-class use and display
of third-party copyrighted content; classes involving the discussion
of identifiable patients or research subjects; and classes
requiring substantial class participation by students who may
be made uncomfortable by the idea that their thoughts will
be broadcast to the world. There are several groups that
faculty may work with to determine if it makes sense to podcast
a particular course or lecture. Faculty members interested
in podcasting course material should visit Stanford’s
iTunes U at http://itunes.stanford.edu/contribute/. Jeremy
Sabol, jsabol@stanford.edu, at the Center for Teaching and
Learning (CTL), and Lauren Schoenthaler, lks@stanford.edu,
in the legal office are also available resources.
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MULTI-MEDIA
PRESENTATIONS
Conference on Fair Use Guidelines for in-class presentations: “Educators
may incorporate portions of lawfully acquired copyrighted works
when producing their own educational multimedia programs.”
No more than 10% or 3 minutes (whichever is less) of motion-based
works;
No more than 10% or 30 seconds (whichever is less) of a song
or video;
No more than 10% of a text; and
Entire photographs or illustrations may be used provided that
no more than 10% or 15 images
(whichever is less) comes from any one source.
For in-class presentations that will not be posted on the
public Internet, these guidelines are intended to be suggestions
and are not set in stone. But, for any multi-media presentation
that is to be posted onto the Internet or sold commercially,
these guidelines do not apply. Posting to the Internet
even a single copyrighted image within a presentation, such
as a political cartoon, may not be a fair use.
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LIBRARY
COPYRIGHT CONSIDERATIONS
Library Exemption for Reproduction of Copyrighted Works. Copyright laws provide certain exemptions for libraries and archives to reproduce copyrighted works.
Filing a Course Reserve.Some libraries at
Stanford will not accept multiple photocopies of copyrighted
materials needed for course reserves without first having permission
from the copyright holder. Other libraries on campus
will accept a limited number of photocopies for course reserves. Consult
individual libraries for their policies. The Stanford
University Libraries’ policy on course reserve is located
at http://www-sul.Stanford.edu/services.html.
Allow Several Months for Course Reserve Permission. Note that filling course reserve requirements may take two to three months before the quarter begins if the library does not already have a copy of the publication and copyright permission is needed.
Contact. For information about reserve operations in campus libraries, contact the relevant library (see http://libraries.stanford.edu/).
Fax for both print and media reserves: (650) 723-3992
Print Reserves: Call the Loan Desk at Green Library (650) 723-1493 or email greencirc@stanford.edu
Media Reserves: (650) 723-9394
Joe Leggette, Media and Reserves Specialist, (650) 725-1179, mediares@stanford.edu
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OBTAINING PERMISSION TO USE COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
In General. If an exception (such as fair
use, the library exception, face-to-face teaching activities
or distance education) is not clearly available, permission
to use a copyrighted work must be obtained from the owner of
the copyright holder. A request to use copyrighted material
usually can be sent to the permission department of the publisher
of the work. Assume four to six weeks for a request to
be processed. Permission requests should contain:
1. Title, author and/or editor, and edition.
2. Exact material to be used.
3. Number of copies to be made.
4. Intended use of the material, e.g., educational.
5. Form of distribution, e.g., hard copy to classroom, posted on Internet with password protection.
6. Whether material is to be sold (e.g., as part of a coursepack).
Journal Articles. The Stanford libraries have blanket copyright permission from many journals. Before forwarding a request for an article, check with the appropriate library to see if there is a blanket permission covering the article you would like to use.
Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). The CCC
is able to give permission to use a wide number of materials
for a fee. Please contact CCC at http://www.copyright.com or
(978) 750-8400.
Evidence of Permission. Written permission should be obtained and kept by the academic department. If oral permission only is obtained, a written record should be kept of the oral permission.
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CREATION OF COPYRIGHTED WORKS AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Research Policy Handbook Section 5.2. This Copyright Reminder primarily addresses the use of third party copyrighted content. Stanford University Research Policy Handbook Section 5.2 governs the creation of copyrighted works at Stanford and by Stanford faculty, staff, students and affiliates. The general principle states:
Copyright is the ownership and control of the intellectual property
in original works of authorship which are subject to copyright
law. It is the policy of the University that all rights
in copyright shall remain with the creator unless the work is
a work-for-hire (and copyright vests in the University under
copyright law), is supported by a direct allocation of funds
through the University for the pursuit of a specific project,
is commissioned by the University, makes significant use of University
resources or personnel, or is otherwise subject to contractual
obligations.
Please review the entire policy at http://www.stanford.edu/dept/DoR/rph/5-2.html.
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PUBLISHING
WORKS IN JOURNALS
Stanford generally* does not mandate any copyright position
that its community members should take when publishing articles
or books. This section is provided as information to
our community.
(*The School of Education has an Open Access Initiative
described below.)
Publishing Information for research not supported
by NIH. The
common practice in academic publishing is to assign copyright
in the article or book to the publisher. If you no
longer own the copyright, you no longer control what use
is made of your article. Make sure before assigning
the article you understand what uses you may make of your
article after it is published. Consider if these options
may make sense for your circumstances:
- Rather than granting your copyright to a journal publisher,
instead grant the publisher a license; see http://library.stanford.edu/scholarly_com/rights.html for
a model license you might employ;
- Publishing in open access journals; and
- Assigning copyright to journal, with a license back
from the journal to the author enabling the author to:
(1) post
on an institutional website in a PDF format
(2) make derivative works
(3) make copies for educational purposes
(4) allow others to make copies for educational
purposes
(5) same rights for Stanford/originating institution
For more information and resources, see:
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Issues: http://library.stanford.edu/scholarly_com/index.html
The Author’s Rights Addendum: http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html;
Indiana University Model: http://www.copyright.iupui.edu/nego_doc.htm; or
Creative Commons Model: http://sciencecommons.org/projects/publishing/oalawpub.pdf
Publishing Information for research supported by
NIH. In
2008 the National Institutes of Health implemented a Public
Access Policy, which requires that a digital copy of all
research publications supported by NIH funding be submitted
to PubMed Central, an online public repository, within 12
months of the original publication. More information
about the NIH policy and tools Stanford has developed for
complying with the policy are available at, http://lane.stanford.edu/services/research/openaccess/nihpolicy.html. Additionally,
the NIH’s website is located at http://publicaccess.nih.gov/.
The School of Education Open Access Initiative. In
June 2008, the School of Education faculty passed an Open
Access Initiative in which faculty members from the school
are asked to add an addendum to publishing contracts enabling
the author to attach a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial
License to all publications so that they can be placed in
a Stanford repository. Faculty members may seek a waiver
of this policy from the Dean’s office. For more
information, see http://ed.stanford.edu/suse/faculty/open-access-step.html.
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COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE RESOURCES
Stanford's Copyright Ownership Policy. The
University's copyright policy establishes that all rights
in copyright, regardless of their form of expression, remain
with the creator, except in specified cases where law or
University policy require otherwise. For more information,
please refer to the policy at http://www.stanford.edu/dept/DoR/rph/5-2.html.
Stanford's Fair Use Resources. Further guidelines and useful material are located at http://fairuse.stanford.edu.
Guidelines for Classroom Copying. These
guidelines were prepared by the Authors League of America
and the Association of American Publishers. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/17/chapters/1/sections/section_107.html
Further Assistance. Please contact Lauren Schoenthaler in the Office of the General Counsel at lks@stanford.edu.
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Last modified:
November 13, 2009 |
